Voting Rights Restoration

Can I Vote if I Have Been Convicted of a Felony?

Shanlon Wu

Shanlon Wu

If your ability to cast a ballot was removed due to a criminal conviction, often you can get your right to vote back upon completion of your sentence. However, many people are not aware of how the voter restoration process actually works. An expert criminal defense attorney breaks down voter disenfranchisement and voter restoration for returning citizens.

Voting After a Felony Conviction

If you’ve been convicted of a felony in the United States, you may have been stripped of your right to vote. Once disenfranchised, can your ability to participate in elections be restored? Yes, you may be eligible to vote in most states under specific conditions.

Meet Shan Wu

Shanlon “Shan” Wu is a renowned criminal defense and college student defense attorney. Shan served in the Justice Department during the Clinton administration, and is a former federal prosecutor.

A frequent contributor to CNN and NPR, Shan has a knack for making complex topics easy to understand. Shan joins U.S. Vote Foundation (US Vote) to discuss judicial sanctions that disenfranchise voters and how voting rights can be restored. 
 

US.VOTE

Most states restrict people from voting if they are serving time in prison. Maine, Vermont and the District of Columbia do not take away a person's right to vote while incarcerated. Some states are actively considering restoring the ability to participate in elections for people who are incarcerated. Shan, could you clarify on what basis this right is removed or preserved?
 

Shanlon Wu

Whether it’s voting while incarcerated or voting after a conviction, the crazy-quilt pattern of state laws controlling these questions arises from the U.S. Constitution. The 14th Amendment Section 2 generally states that the right to vote cannot be restricted but makes a specific exception for “participation in rebellion, or other crime.” Relying on this exception, the U.S. Supreme Court has allowed states to enact conflicting laws across the United States regulating whether people convicted of crimes can vote.

US.VOTE

What is the policy in most states for people on parole or probation?

Shanlon Wu

It varies. Like the different state’s laws on what convictions bar one from voting, it depends on the state. There are numerous online resources for finding out the state rules and folks should look at these for their particular states. (Resources include the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division.)

US.VOTE

Does it make a difference for voting rights whether someone is convicted of a felony in a state court or a federal court?

Shanlon Wu

No – this distinction is unlikely to matter. While the resources do not often distinguish between convictions under federal laws versus state laws what matters is what the state law says about voting rights after a criminal conviction whether a misdemeanor or a felony.  Similarly, state laws all vary about if a criminal case was resolved through certain types of deals with the government such as probation before judgement or so-called “pre-trial diversion.” Totally up to each state.

US.VOTE

Once citizens have completed their sentences, the majority of states restore the right to vote in most cases. However, people who have been convicted of crimes of moral turpitude are commonly excluded from voter restoration. What exactly is a crime of moral turpitude?

Shanlon Wu

Generally, a crime involving moral turpitude involve dishonesty, fraud, deliberate violence, often including sexual assault. But it’s a vague term – frankly outdated – and as with all voting rights after convictions – subject to the definition of the particular state. To find out if a particular conviction falls is considered one of moral turpitude one needs to check in the particular state.
 

US.VOTE

What impact do you think felony disenfranchisement has on our nation?

Shanlon Wu

The impact is enormously damaging and it’s not just “felony” disenfranchisement since some states even restrict voting rights after misdemeanor convictions. In 2022, it’s estimated that some 4.6 million people are barred from voting due to felony convictions. Consider that in the 2016 election Hilary Clinton won the popular vote by only 2.9 million votes and you can see how significant is the effect of voter disenfranchisement.  

The practice should be completely done away with given that at best it arose in a very old antiquated concept of who has “good character” and at worst it has been used to disproportionately take the right to vote away from minorities likes blacks and Latin X given that Black Americans are imprisoned at four times the rates of whites, Native Americans at 4.2 times the rates of whites and Latinx imprisoned at 2.4 times the rates of whites.

While the reasons for this disproportionate application of the criminal justice system are complex and the subject of tons of research and writing the bottom line is that these disenfranchisement laws affect minorities more than whites and therefore contribute to inequality in our country.

US.VOTE

Shan, if you could deliver one message to people about voter restoration, what would it be?

Shanlon Wu

Ask and learn about the law in your state. Don’t depend on just what you have heard. Look it up.

U.S. Vote Foundation’s support of voter restoration is aligned with our mission that Every Citizen is a Voter. We encourage returning citizens to review how to vote in case laws have changed, and to check their voter registration status after judicial sanctions. Voter Accounts at US Vote can be a helpful tool for returning citizens to safely store all their voting information in one place to easily generate forms for any election, get election reminders, and connect with election officials.

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